Five years after graduating from a vocational school in the southern Chinese tech hub of Shenzhen, Chen Hao found himself working as a salesman for a local electronics factory. His daily routine involved exhausting trips between corporate clients, and he had not seen a pay rise for years. The 26-year-old decided he wanted a change. “Everybody in Shenzhen is talking about artificial intelligence, so I want to find a job in the sector too,” Chen said. “I know my degree makes it impossible to get...