From 200 km to 500 km: How long-range missiles are rewriting the rules of air combat

Air-to-air missile ranges have dramatically expanded over the past decade. New systems now promise engagement distances of 400 to 500 kilometers. China's PL-17 and Russia's R-37M are examples of these advanced weapons. Europe's Meteor and India's Astra program also extend combat reach significantly. The United States is developing the AIM-424 Malice missile for even greater capabilities.